Ketoacidosis is related to hyperglycaemia, it is a serious condition associated with illness or very high blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes. It develops gradually over hours or days. It is a sign of insufficient insulin. Most cases of ketoacidosis occur in people with type 1, it very rarely occurs in people with type 2.

Without enough insulin, the body’s cells cannot use glucose for energy. To make up for this, the body begins to burn fat for energy instead. This leads to accumulation of dangerous chemical substances in the blood called ketones, which also appear in the urine.

Symptoms

High blood glucose levels and moderate to heavy ketones in the urine with:

• Rapid breathing

• Flushed cheeks

• Abdominal pain

• Sweet acetone (similar to paint thinner or nail polish remover) smell on the breath

• Vomiting

• Dehydration.

This is a serious medical emergency and can be life threatening if not treated properly. If these symptoms are present, contact your doctor or go to hospital immediately.

- Source Diabetes Australia

“In most cases, ketoacidosis in people with diabetes will be accompanied by high sugar levels. However, ketoacidosis can also occur at low or normal blood glucose levels.”

— Diabetes UK

Awareness will help in reducing DKA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children.

In Queensland approximately 45% of children present with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes. DKA is the major cause of mortality in children with Type 1 Diabetes. DKA is a metabolic emergency requiring intensive care that can be avoided by recognising the signs of high blood glucose and prompt commencement of insulin therapy. Increasing community awareness and GP education for early diagnosis and prompt insulin treatment for Type 1 diabetes is vital to prevent Paediatric emergencies. - Source Clinical Excellence QLD